With 100,000 GI's  pouring down Luzon's two main highways towards Manila, MacArthur predicted that Yamashita would have sufficient time to have his troops make an orderly evacuation towards the hills. Reconnaissance showed as much.  Rear Admiral Sanji Iwabuchi, was not under Army command, and had 30,000 sailors and marines available to fight, even if Yamashita would not. He began his defense by ordering the clearance from the population of any possible guerrilla force.  This commenced a war crime of massive and unprecedented proportions and barbarity.  This aerial photo shows Intramuros (at left), City Hall (at right) The Post Office (center) and the commercial district (north of the Pasig River) and precious few defenders.