[156] James A. Huston, Out of the Blue (West Lafayette, IN:  Purdue University Press, 1998),  pp. 51-52.

[157] Gerard M. Devlin, Paratrooper!  (New York:  St. Martin's Press, 1979), p. 246.

[158] E. M. Flanagan, Jr.,  The Angels.  A History of the 11th Airborne Division  (Novato, CA:  Presidio Press, 1989), pp. 48-50.

 [159] Clay Blair, Ridgway's Paratroopers (Garden City, NY:  The Dial Press, 1985), p. 172.

 [160] Huston, Out of the Blue, pp. 51-52.

 [161] Flanagan,  The Angels.  A History of the 11th Airborne Division, pp. 49-50.

 [162] Huston, Out of the Blue, pp. 261-263.

 [163] Ibid., p. 263.

 [164] United States, War Department, Training Circular No. 113.  Employment of airborne and troop carrier forces  (Washington, D.C.:  War Department, 9 October 1943), p. 2.

 [165] United States, War Department, Training Circular No. 113, p. 2.

 [166] Dwight David Eisenhower, The Papers of Dwight David Eisenhower, Eds. Alfred D. Chandler, Jr. and Stephen E. Ambrose.  5 vols.  (Baltimore:  John Hopkins Press, 1970), p. 1259.

 [167] United States, War Department, Training Circular No. 113, pp. 2-4.

 [168] Ibid.

 [169] United States, War Department, "A Historical Study of Some World War II Airborne Operations"  (Washington, D.C.:  Weapon System Evaluation Group, 20 March 1951), p. 132.

 [170] Ibid., p. 2 and p. 7.

 [171] Huston, Out of the Blue, p. 54.

 [172] Ibid., pp. 262-263.

 [173] Ibid., p. 52.

 [174] United States, War Department, "Joint Training of Airborne and Troop Carrier Units" (Washington, D.C.:  War Department Directive, 9 October 1943), p. 1.

 [175] Ibid.

 [176] Ibid.

 [177] Huston, Out of the Blue, pp. 262-263.

 [178] Clay Blair, Ridgway's Paratroopers (Garden City, NY:  The Dial Press, 1985), p. 172.

 [179] Ibid.

 [180] Matthew B. Ridgway, "Summary of Principles Covering the Use of the Airborne Division" (APO 469:  Headquarters, 82nd Airborne Division, 27 November 1943), p. 1.

 [181] United States, War Department, "Tactical Doctrine of Troop Carrier Aviation"  (Orlando, FL:  Army Air Forces Center, 4 September 1945), p. 5.

 [182] Ibid.

 [183] Ibid., pp. 2-3.  United States, War Department,  War Department Field Manual 1-30, Tactical Doctrine of Troop Carrier Aviation  (Washington, D.C.:  War Department, 12 August 1947).

 [184] United States, War Department, "Joint Training of Airborne and Troop Carrier Units"  (Washington, D.C.:  Headquarters, Army Ground Forces, 2 November 1943), pp. 1-3.

 [185] Ibid.

 [186] Flanagan,  The Angels.  A History of the 11th Airborne Division, pp. 51-52.

 [187] Ibid.

 [188] Ibid., p. 56.

 [189] Ibid., pp. 57-58.

 [190] Devlin, Paratrooper!, p. 248.

� James P. Lowe, 2004